拉索检测爬升装置轻量化设计与动力学性能分析

斜拉桥的自动化、智能化检测是今后的发展趋势,目前已研发的拉索检测机器人都存在质量较大的问题,很难得到工程实际应用.针对课题组前期研制的第一代爬升装置样机质量大、爬升速度较慢等问题,对其进行了受力分析与静应力分析,得出了优化的可能性.提出了零件板厚为优化参数,强度变化率为约束条件的尺寸优化模型,利用差分进化算法求取最优解,得到了机架的最优板厚,同时通过拓扑优化得到各零件最佳结构,以及通过受力分析对螺栓的尺寸与数量进行了优化.优化结果表明爬升装置减重3.9kg,减重比例达到了40％,同时机架的变形量大幅减小,强度满足要求.对优化后的爬升装置进行了动力学仿真分析,结果表明最大爬升角度达到了75度,爬升速度提升了2-4倍,其动力性得到极大的改善.     

建筑用夹层玻璃常见质量问题及原因分析

阐述了建筑用夹层玻璃产品检测中一些常见的质量问题,对其产生的原因进行分析,并对建筑用夹层玻璃的生产和质量管理提出建议.     

视准线法在乌江站水平位移观测中的应用

文章以驷马山引江工程乌江抽水站为例,介绍了视准线法在大型泵站水平位移观测中的应用.     

Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 via titanium and boron co-doping

Titanium and boron are simultaneously introduced into LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ to improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that Ti⁴⁺ ion replaces Li⁺ ion and reduces the cation mixing; B³⁺ ion enters the tetrahedron of the transition metal layers and enlarges the distance of the [LiO₆] layers. The co-doped sample has spherical secondary particles with elongated and enlarged primary particles, in which Ti and B elements distribute uniformly. Electrochemical studies reveal the co-doped sample has improved rate performance (183.1 mAh·g^-1 at 1 C and 155.5 mAh·g^-1 at 10 C) and cycle stability (capacity retention of 94.7% after 100 cycles at 1 C). EIS and CV disclose that Ti and B co-doping reduces charge transfer impedance and suppresses phase change of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O_2.     

600MW机组锅炉后屏过热器泄漏原因分析和预防

某电厂600 MW直接空冷机组锅炉后屏过热器泄漏停机处理完成后启动再次泄漏.通过检查和分析,后屏过热器第1次泄漏是由于异种钢焊口焊接质量差,第2次泄漏是由于第1次泄漏停机后未采用热炉带压放水和第2次启动过程中操作不当,导致后屏过热器形成水塞,造成局部短时过热爆管,并提出了消除方法和预防措施.     

Application of ferrous sulfate alleviates negative impact of cadmium in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social economy. Iron (Fe), being an important element, has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of Ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄) modulated the Cd tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), when maintained in artificially Cd spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days, by using natural soil, mixed with different levels of CdCl₂ [0 (no Cd), 0.5 and 1 mg/kg] together with the exogenous application of FeSO₄ at [0 (no Fe), 1.5 and 3 mg/kg] levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative stress, antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of O. sativa. Our results depicted that addition of Cd to the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange parameters, mineral uptake by the plants, sugars (soluble, reducing, and non-reducing sugar) and altered the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, plastoglobuli, mitochondria, and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed O. sativa compared to those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of oxidative stress in O. sativa and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) contents and electrolyte leakage to the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants like phenolics, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compared to those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application of FeSO₄ which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and shoots of O. sativa by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. These results shed light on the effectiveness of FeSO₄ in improving the growth and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of O. sativa in response to Cd stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of FeSO₄-mediated reduction of the toxicity of not only Cd, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants.     

Understanding grain refining and anti Si-poisoning effect in Al-10Si/Al-5Nb-B system

Grain refinement is critical for fabricating high-quality Al-Si casting components in the application of automobile and aerospace industries,while the well-known Si-poisoning effect makes it difficult.Nbbased refiners offer an effective method to refine Al-Si casting alloys,but their anti Si-poisoning capability is far from being understood.In this work,the grain refining mechanism and the anti Si-poisoning effect in the Al-10 Si/Al-5 Nb-B system were systematically investigated by combining transmission electron microscope,first-principles calculations,and thermodynamic calculations.It is revealed that NbB₂provides the main nucleation site in the Al-10 Si ingot inoculated by 0.1 wt.%Nb Al-5 Nb-B refiner.The exposed Nb atoms on the(0001)NbB₂and(1-100)NbB₂surface can be substituted by Al to form(Al,Nb)B₂intermedia layers.In addition,a layer of NbAl₃-like compound(NbAl₃')can cover the surface of NbB₂with the orientation relation of(1-100)[11-20]NbB_2//(110)[110]NbAl₃'.Both of the(Al,Nb)B₂and NbAl₃'intermedia layers contribute to enhancing the nucleation potency of NbB₂particles.These discoveries provide fundamental insight to the grain refining mechanism of the Nb-B based refiners for Al-Si casting alloys and are expected to guide the future development of stronger refiners for Al-Si casting alloys.     

基于词性特征的明喻识别及要素抽取方法

比喻是一种利用事物之间的相似点建立关系的修辞方式。明喻是比喻中最常见的形式,具有明显的喻词,例如"像",用于关联本体和喻体。近年来高考语文散文类鉴赏题中多有考查明喻句的试题,为了解答此类鉴赏题,需要识别比喻句中的本体和喻体要素。该文提出了基于词性特征的明喻识别及要素抽取方法。首先将句子中词向量化表示与词性特征向量化表示进行融合,将融合后的向量输入到BiLSTM中进行训练,然后利用CRF解码出全局最优标注序列;最后得到明喻识别和要素抽取的结果。公开数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法优于已有的单任务方法;同时也将该文方法应用于北京高考语文鉴赏题中比喻句的识别与要素抽取,验证了方法的可行性。     

面向多数据流的车厢拥挤回归分析方法

公交车拥挤度分析对维护公共交通安全起着重要的作用.针对在传统的目标检测方法中使用单个摄像头导致无法获取完整的车厢图片信息,以及在高密度场景下乘客与乘客之间的遮挡或者乘客被车厢内的座椅等物体遮挡的问题,提出了一种借助两个前后车厢的摄像头面向多数据流的车厢拥挤回归分析方法.首先,定义一个线性方程;其次,获取相对可见信息:公交车最大核载人数、根据人眼标记出的总人数、以及通过YOLOv3和ResNet50分别检测出车厢内人头数和拥挤率;然后,将包含已知信息的样本数据矩阵和期望值向量代入所定义的方程中,拟合出隐含信息:系数向量和偏置项,构建出一个多元一次线性回归方程,在高密度环境中狭窄和遮挡严重等情况下能够获得更为精确的车厢内总人数;最后,通过人数估计线性回归算法,获得最终的车厢内总人数.实验结果表明,所提方法能够预测出公交车上的人数,实时获得公交车上的人群流量,并且通过平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方误差(MSE)对数据进行误差分析后,验证了该方法能够正确地反映公交车拥挤度.